กับมัชฌิมาปฏิปทาในพระพุทธศาสนาเถรวาททางสายกลางของอาริสโตเติลคืออะไร ?ทางสายกลางในทรรศนะของอาริสโตเติล คือ ค่า เฉลี่ยที่เป็นความพอเหมาะพอดีถูกต้องเหมาะสมแก่บุคคลในแต่ละกรณี ในชีวิตประจำวันของมนุษย์ จำต้องมุ่งไปที่ทางสายกลางเพื่อความอยู่รอดและความสมดุลแห่งชีวิต ทาง สายกลางคือจุดกึ่งกลางระหว่างสิ่งที่มากเกินไปกับสิ่งที่ขาดพร่อง เช่น จุดกึ่งกลางของวัตถุก็คือตำแหน่งที่อยู่ห่างจากที่สุดแต่ละข้างในระยะ ตำแหน่งที่เท่ากันนั่นเอง ในวัตถุสิ่งของ ถ้า ๑๙ เป็นจำนวนข้างมาก ๑ เป็นจำนวนข้างน้อย จุดกึ่งกลางระหว่าง...
Tuesday, December 7, 2010
ព្រះរាជ្យវង្សបន្ដពីព្រះបាទបក្សីចាំក្រុង
ដូចដែលយើងលើកយកមកអធិប្បាយខ្លះៗក្នុងជំពួកមុន ពង្សាវតារខ្មែរផ្សេងៗបានកត់ត្រាខុសអំពីគ្នា ចំនួន និង ឈ្មោះព្រះរាជបុត្ររបស់ព្រះបាទបក្សីចាំក្រុង។ ពង្សាវតារសំដេចវាំងជួនបានសរសេរថា ព្រះម្នាងស្វាយ មហេសីព្រះមហាក្សត្រ ក្នុងឆ្នាំវក ប្រសូត្របានបុត្រមួយព្រះអង្គព្រះនាម អលស្សរាជ្យ។ព្រះបាទអលស្សរាជក្រោយដែលព្រះបាទបក្សីចាំក្រុង ព្រះមហាក្សត្រខ្មែរទី១៩ ចូលទីវង្គត ព្រះរាជបុត្រព្រះអលស្សរាជ្យ បានឡើងសោយរាជ្យសម្បត្ដិប្រទេសកម្ពុជាបន្ដពីព្រះអង្គ។ ព្រះរាជអភិសេកបានរៀបចំឡើងយ៉ាងអ៊ឹកធឹក នៅមហានគរ នៅថ្ងៃ ១៣កើត ខែបុស្ស ឆ្នាំកុរ ព.ស.១៦១៥...
Morality
5. MoralityThe issue of Marx and morality poses a conundrum. On reading Marx's works at all periods of his life, there appears to be the strongest possible distaste towards bourgeois capitalist society, and an undoubted endorsement of future communist society. Yet the terms of this antipathy and endorsement are far from clear. Despite expectations, Marx never says that capitalism is unjust. Neither does he say that communism would be a just form of society. In fact he takes pains to distance himself...
Theory of History
4. Theory of HistoryMarx did not set out his theory of history in great detail. Accordingly, it has to be constructed from a variety of texts, both those where he attempts to apply a theoretical analysis to past and future historical events, and those of a more purely theoretical nature. Of the latter, the 1859 Preface to A Critique of Political Economy has achieved canonical status. However, The German Ideology, co-written with Engels in 1845, is a vital early source in which Marx first sets out...
Economics
3. EconomicsCapital Volume 1 begins with an analysis of the idea of commodity production. A commodity is defined as a useful external object, produced for exchange on a market. Thus two necessary conditions for commodity production are the existence of a market, in which exchange can take place, and a social division of labour, in which different people produce different products, without which there would be no motivation for exchange. Marx suggests that commodities have both use-value — a use...
The Early Writings
2. The Early WritingsThe intellectual climate within which the young Marx worked was dominated by the influence of Hegel, and the reaction to Hegel by a group known as the Young Hegelians, who rejected what they regarded as the conservative implications of Hegel's work. The most significant of these thinkers was Ludwig Feuerbach, who attempted to transform Hegel's metaphysics, and, thereby, provided a critique of Hegel's doctrine of religion and the state. A large portion of the philosophical content...
Marx's Life and Works
1. Marx's Life and WorksKarl Marx was born in Trier, in the German Rhineland, in 1818. Although his family was Jewish they converted to Christianity so that his father could pursue his career as a lawyer in the face of Prussia's anti-Jewish laws. A precocious schoolchild, Marx studied law in Bonn and Berlin, and then wrote a PhD thesis in Philosophy,...
FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION
Comrade Mao Tse-tung is the greatest Marxist-Leninist of our era. He has inherited, defended and developed Marxism-Leninism with genius, creatively and comprehensively and has brought it to a higher and completely new stage.Mao Tse-tung's thought is Marxism-Leninism of the era in which imperialism is heading for total collapse and socialism is advancing to world-wide victory. It is a powerful ideological weapon for opposing imperialism and for opposing revisionism and dogmatism. Mao Tse-tung's thought...
Mao Tse-Tung: Father of Chinese Revolution
By Fox ButterfieldSpecial to The New York TimesHONG KONG, Sept. 9--Mao Tse-tung, who began as an obscure peasant, died one of history's great revolutionary figures.Born at a time when China was wracked by civil strife, beset with terrible poverty and encroached on by more advanced foreign powers, he lived to fulfill his boyhood dream of restoring it to its traditional place as a great nation. In Chinese terms, he ranked with Chin Shih-huang, the first Emperor, who unified China in 221 B.C., and...
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